Fast Tests: Comparing Zeus With Spring on Rails 4.1 and RSpec 3

justin · September 29, 2015, 3:58am

What’s faster? Zeus with Parallel Tests or Spring, in the context of Rails 4.1, RSpec 3, Capybara 2.4, and PhantomJs?

The bottom line is that both work almost equivalently as fast, and the biggest difference for me concerned compatibility with the parallel_tests gem. Zeus works fine with Parallel Tests, although it makes little difference overall with or without Zeus. Spring doesn’t work with Parallel Tests, but you can work around this issue. So stick with Zeus if it works for you.

And regardless of using Spring or Zeus, the shell scripts provided below called pgr and pgk are essential for quickly listing or killing Zeus, Spring, Rails, or Phantomjs processes!

It’s also worth noting that biggest advantage of using the Zeus or Spring pre-loaders is to save the Rails startup time. On my machine, this is about 3 to 5 seconds. That matters a lot if the test I’m focusing upon only takes a second or two, such as when doing TDD. However, when running a whole test suite taking minutes, 3-5 seconds can get swallowed up by other things, such as rspec-retry, which retries failing capybara tests.

Overview

I’ve written about my integration testing setup: Capybara, PhantomJs, Poltergeist, and Rspec Tips. For a while, I’ve been eager to upgrade to Rails 4.1 and RSpec 3. Finally, in August, 2014, the gem ecosystem allowed this to happen! I’ve got a related article on my tips for upgrading to Rails 4.1 and RSpec 3.

Once I had upgraded nearly every gem in my client’s large Rails project to the latest gem versions, I was pleasantly surprised that I could once again get Zeus, Guard, RSpec, Capybara, Poltergeist, Parallel Tests, etc. to all play nicely together.

Always curious as to the value of the latest defaults in Rails, I decided to try out Spring. Both Spring and Zeus preload Rails so that you don’t have to pay the same start up cost for evry test run. Here’s a RailsCast on the topic: #412 Fast Rails Commands.

The end results is that both Zeus and Spring give great results and are very similar in many ways. The biggest difference for me is that only Zeus (and not Spring) works with Parallel Tests. Interestingly, I got very similar results when using Parallel Tests with our without Zeus. It turns out that it is possible to run Parallel Tests with Spring installed so long as you disable it by setting the environment variable like this: DISABLE_SPRING=TRUE parallel_rspec -n 6 spec.

The bottom line for me is that I don’t have any good reason to move away from Zeus to Spring, and the fact that Spring is part of stock Rails is not a sufficient reason for me. That being said, on another project which is smaller, I’m not motivated to switch from Spring to Zeus.

Performance

Note in below commands, one must insert zeus in the command to be using zeus. If using Spring, be sure that you’re using the Spring modifed binstub scripts in your bin directory by having your path appropriately set or using bin/rake and bin/rspec (install spring-commands-rspec).

The times shown below are from both sample runs of a single directory of non-integration specs and from the full test suite of 914 tests, many of which are Capybara tests, on a 2012, Retina, SSD, 16 GB, MacBook Pro while running Emacs, RubyMine, Chrome, etc. Times were gathered by running commands prefixed with the time command. Running zeus rspec seems a bit slower than using spring. However, when running the integration tests, my test execution time was always variable depending on the number of Capybara timeouts and retries.

command	zeus loader	spring loader	no loader
rspec spec/utils	0:19.1	0:17.7	0:22.8
rake spec:utils	0:15.6	0:17.9	0:18.1
rake spec	6:11.9	6:15.0	8:02.5
rspec spec	5:51:7	5:28.0	5:37.2
parallel_rspec -n 6 spec	2:28.7	n/a	2:28.0

Zeus and Spring vs. plain RSpec

Here’s some advantages and disadvantages of using either either Zeus or Spring compared to plain RSpec.

Advantages

Both save time for running basic commands like rspec, rake, rails, etc. The performance of both is very similar.

Disadvantages

Both can be extremely confusing when they fail to update automatically. This tends to happen after updating gems or running database migrations. You end up yak shaving when you don’t see your changes taking effect! I.e., put in some print statements, and then you don’t see them shown when they should. Arghhhh!
Rspec-retry seems essential in dealing with random Capybabara failures with either Zeus or Spring. I often see less of these errors when I don’t use Zeus/Spring nor parallel_tests.

Zeus vs. Spring

Advantages

Zeus works with the parallel_tests gem. This more than halves my time for running my entire test suite. However, when writing this article, I found that it made little difference, at least when slowed down by sporadically failing capybara tests that are retried. That being said, I’m certain that Parallel Tests with Zeus is faster or at worse the same as without Zeus.

Disadvantages

You need to start up separate shell process, running zeus start. An advantage of this is that if there’s a problem starting up, the output in the Zeus console window is fairly clear.
You run the command “zeus rake” rather than just “rake”. Consequently, I made some shell aliases (see below).
Zeus only uses the environment from when Zeus was started and ignores any environment variables when commands are run.

Spring vs. Zeus

Advantages

Spring is a default part of Rails, so you know it’s well supported, and bugs will be fixed fast.
Slightly simpler to install and use than Zeus.

Disadvantages

Spring lacks support for parallel_tests. See this Github issue: incompatible with spring #309. You can, however run parallel_tests so long as run the command like this: time DISABLE_SPRING=TRUE parallel_rspec -n 6 spec. I.e., you need to set DISABLE_SPRING so that parallel_rspec does not use Spring.
Spring is a bit opaque in terms of errors given there’s no console window. See README for how to see the Spring log.

Miscellaneous Tips

Be sure to disable either Zeus or Spring when updating gems. Consider restarting Zeus or Spring after a database migration. See the below scripts called pgr and pgk for seeing and killing Zeus/Spring related processes.

Relevant Gems Working For Me

The right combination of gems seem pretty critical in getting all the parts to play nicely together. As of August 15, 2014 the most recent compatible versions of the following gems worked well together. This means running “bundle update” without locking the gem versions.

capybara-screenshot (0.3.21)
capybara (2.4.1)
guard (2.6.1)
guard-bundler (2.0.0)
guard-livereload (2.3.0)
guard-rails (0.5.3)
guard-resque (0.0.5)
guard-rspec (4.3.1)
guard-unicorn (0.1.1)
parallel_tests (1.0.0)
poltergeist (1.5.1)
rails (4.1.4)
resque_spec (0.16.0)
rspec (3.0.0)
rspec-instafail (0.2.5)
rspec-its (1.0.1)
rspec-mocks (3.0.3)
rspec-rails (3.0.2)
rspec-retry (0.3.0)
vcr (2.9.2)
webmock (1.18.0)
zeus (0.13.3)
zeus-parallel_tests (0.2.4)

Zeus Shell Configuration (ZSH)

echoRun() {
  START=$(date +%s)
  echo "> $1"
  eval time $1
  END=$(date +%s)
  DIFF=$(( $END - $START ))
  echo "It took $DIFF seconds"
}

alias zr='zeus rake'

alias parallel_prepare='rake parallel:prepare ; "rake parallel:rake\[db:globals\]" '

zps() {
  # Run parallel_rspec, using zeus, passing in number of threads, default is 6

  p=${1:-6}
  # Skipping zeus b/c env vars don't work with zeus

  # start zeus log level fata 
  # echoRun "SKIP_RSPEC_FOCUS=YES RSPEC_RETRY_COUNT=7 RAILS_LOGGER_LEVEL=4 zeus parallel_rspec -n $p spec"
  echoRun "zeus parallel_rspec -n $p spec"
}

# List processes related to rails
pgr() {
  for x in spring rails phantomjs zeus; do 
    pgrep -fl $x;
  done
}

# Kill processes related to rails
pgk() {
  for x in spring rails phantomjs zeus; do 
    pkill -fl $x;
  done
}

Please let me know if this article helped you or if I missed anything!

Aloha,

Justin

This is a companion discussion topic for the original entry at http://www.railsonmaui.com//blog/2014/09/09/fast-tests-comparing-zeus-with-spring-on-rails-4-dot-1/

justin · May 2, 2015, 10:43pm

I’ve updated my rails scripts:

gist.github.com

https://gist.github.com/justin808/404b40977550759dc28f

railsonmaui-rails.zsh

# Kill stuff

pgr() {
  for x in rake spring rails ruby-debug phantomjs zeus passenger guard resque "node server.js"; do 
    pgrep -fl $x;
  done 
}

pgk() {
  for x in rake spring rails ruby-debug phantomjs zeus passenger guard resque "node server.js"; do

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dpedoneze · September 24, 2015, 6:13pm

Hi Justin!

I’m currently using Spring but I’m willing to change it to Zeus + Parallel, but I found out that some tests breaks because of the parallel process. Always is the same kind of error:

Failure/Error: let(:something) { create(:somefactory) }
ActiveRecord::RecordInvalid:

I’m thinking on printing those errors in a file (using ParallelTests::RSpec::FailuresLogger) so I can run again just those failing tests (to be on the safe side).

Did you have got those kind of errors?

Cheers!

justin · September 24, 2015, 10:21pm

@dpedoneze, I have not used parallel tests for some time as they broke with some of the Rails updates. Please post if you do get it to work, or I can help you try to get it to work.

Dzmitry_Kavalionak · April 22, 2020, 11:05am

Hello @justin, thank you for this useful comparison of zeus with spring. I recently removed zeus from the Gemfile because it breaks rails console when is used with pry v0.13.0+

BTW there is a typo in your shell script: